tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50175128351946192072024-03-05T01:50:11.815-08:00 Mohamed Ibrahim Nor BiikooleAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-43315238521005309062013-08-05T17:14:00.002-07:002013-08-05T17:14:38.559-07:00Official Position of Puntland Government on Relations with Federal Government of Somalia<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<strong>Official Position of Puntland Government on Relations with Federal Government of Somalia</strong><a name='more'></a><br />
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With reference to the public statement by H.E. Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamud (Farole), the President of Puntland, on the occasion of August 1 celebration held at Puntland State House in Garowe – and in line with policy recommendations issued on July 24 by the Puntland Joint Ministerial and Parliament Committee – Puntland Government hereby suspends all cooperation and relations with the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS).<br />
Since its establishment in 1998, Puntland has endeavored to build and strengthen public institutions, law and order, and delivery of basic services to the people of Puntland, whilst contributing positively to reinstituting a viable and re-united Federal Republic of Somalia since 2004. Puntland has expended critical support to reinstituting a united and federal Somalia, by investing in terms of time and energy, manpower and materials, financial resources, and political obligations for the sake of peace and rebuilding of Somalia.<br />
The expected outcome of such noble effort was a new Somalia that is sovereign, federal, united, and democratic. However, since September 2012 when the current FGS came to office in Mogadishu, the fragmented country has been plunged back into a vicious cycle of violence, displacement, clan animosities and polarization, political disputes, and a complete disregard for the country’s genuine Provisional Federal Constitution (PFC), as signed page-by-page in Nairobi on June 22, 2012, by Somali Roadmap Signatories and co-signed by UN Special Envoy as guarantor. UN Security Council Press Statement on Somalia, of July 25, 2012, recognized the genuine PFC and “welcomed some of the recent progress on the Roadmap and its associated agreements, including the June agreement of the Nairobi Protocols and publication of the new draft Constitution”.<br />
Nonetheless, in the spirit of promoting a viable reconciliation and nation-building process, Puntland advanced political dialogue with FGS and hosted Prime Minister H.E. Abdi Farah Shirdon in Garowe (March 9-11, 2013) and President H.E. Hassan Sheikh Mohamud in Garowe (April 28-29, 2013). The Puntland President has also written official letters to FGS leaders in Mogadishu and the UN, condemning the tampered and illegal constitution, which was distributed to Lower House of Somali Federal Parliament on September 7, 2012.<br />
Puntland welcomes UN Security Council Resolution 2111 (July 24, 2013), encouraging the Federal Government of Somalia to set out “a clear political process toward implementing a federal structure in line with the provisional constitution”; Puntland also welcomes the Communiqué of IGAD Heads of State and Government of May 3, 2013, establishing the Principles of Engagement, including “Respect for the provisional constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia”.<br />
<strong>However, contrary to agreed principles and general expectations, the Federal Government of Somalia has engaged in the following damaging activities: </strong><br />
1. FGS rejects to implement and adhere to genuine constitution and a constitutional review process;<br />
2. FGS refuses to honor March 11 Agreement with Puntland;<br />
3. FGS shifts focus away from fighting Al Shabaab extremists, the real threat to peace in Somalia; 2 of 2<br />
4. FGS involves in clan conflicts that entrench continued misappropriation of private and public properties and community lands, and social injustices in Banadir (Mogadishu), Lower Jubba (Kismayo), Middle Shabelle (Jowhar), and Lower Shabelle (Merka) regions;<br />
5. FGS rejects sharing of power, resources and foreign aid granted in the name of Somalia – even as little as scholarships – with the States in a transparent and accountable manner;<br />
6. FGS rejects to address financial crisis caused by the shortage of Shilling banknotes in Somali markets, as Somali banknotes issuance is a Federal responsibility;<br />
7. FGS enters into maritime security agreement, infringing upon Somalia’s national sovereignty;<br />
8. FGS supports instability groups responsible for public incitement and political unrest in different regions of Somalia;<br />
9. FGS neglects national reconciliation by rejecting to address community uprooting and the subsequent misappropriation of public and private properties and community lands, as a result of civil war conflict and social injustices in the early 1990s; and 10. FGS misrepresents Somalia and the Somali people at international forums by failing to present to the international community core national issues in Somalia.<br />
<strong>Consequently, Puntland Government hereby suspends all cooperation and relations with Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) until the Federal Government: </strong><br />
1. restores and adheres to the country’s genuine Provisional Federal Constitution;<br />
2. consults with the Federated States regarding the constitutional review process, federalism and national security matters, in accordance with provisions guaranteeing the constitutional rights of Federated States; and<br />
3. ensures transparent and participatory mechanisms for fair distribution of foreign aid granted in the name of Somalia.<br />
Until above-cited matters are satisfactorily and definitively addressed, Puntland Government shall exercise rights and powers enshrined in both Puntland Constitution and Provisional Federal Government of Somalia, and Puntland Government shall be the sole representative of Puntland State in all matters in domestic and international arenas.<br />
<strong>Recommendations for Somali emerging States, regions and political actors </strong><br />
1. Advocate for genuine Provisional Federal Constitution, which guarantees implementation of federalism and the constitutional rights of States, in order to re-unite Somalia;<br />
2. Establish formation of Federated States in a voluntary process through community reconciliation, as enshrined by the Provisional Federal Constitution; and<br />
3. Institute effective security apparatus to combat Al Shabaab extremism and other threats to peace and stability.<br />
<strong>Recommendations for International Community </strong><br />
1. Agree on a clarification of Provisional Federal Constitution (PFC) of Somalia, as mentioned in policy documents and public statements;<br />
2. Facilitate rebuilding Somali National Forces in different zones of Somalia for future re-integration, to ensure representational balance, coherence and integrity;<br />
3. Ensure mechanisms for fair and balanced distribution of all international assistance granted in the name of Somalia; and<br />
4. Give urgent attention and intervention to the ongoing community uprooting and social injustices in Lower Shabelle region conducted with the complicity of Federal Government and allied militias, leading to desperation, entrenching community grievances, and spreading radicalization of communities to bolster extremists like Al Shabaab.<br />
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Reporterd bye:- Hani Mohamed Hussien ( H.Hadalwanag) in Nairobi Kenya <br />
<a href="mailto:somalisv@hotmail.se">somalisv<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null"><a href="mailto:somalisv@hot">@hot</a>mail.se </a></a><br />
<a href="mailto:somalisvrige@hotmail.se">somalisvrige</a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null"><a href="mailto:somalisvrige@hotmail.se">@hotmail.se</a> </a><br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-8373093432766643752013-07-03T16:21:00.003-07:002013-07-12T20:42:18.581-07:00Amina Mohamed Jibril Citizen of Kenya.<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: 1.6em; line-height: 1.2em;">Amina Mohamed Jibril</span></h1>
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<b>Amina Mohamed Jibril</b> (<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Somali language">Somali</a>: <span lang="so" xml:lang="so"><i>Aamina Maxamed Jibriil</i></span>, <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">امينة محمد جبريل</span>) (born 5 October 1961) is<br />
a <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Somali people">Somali</a> lawyer, diplomat and politician. A citizen of <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, she previously served<br />
as Chairman of the <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a> and<br />
the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="World Trade Organisation">World Trade Organisation</a>'s General Council,<br />
as well as Assistant Secretary-General and Deputy Executive Director of the<br />
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a>. As of 20 May 2013,<br />
she is the Cabinet Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Kenya.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life"><br />Personal life</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h2>
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Mohamed was born on 5 October 1961 in the British-administered <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya Colony</a> to an<br />
ethnic <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Somali people">Somali</a> family.<br />
She is the eighth of nine siblings.Her family originally hails from<br />
the northern <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Khatumo State">SSC</a> region of <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>,<br />
<span style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">a </span><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Dhulbahante">Dhulbahante</a><span style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;"> stronghold.</span></div>
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Mohamed spent her childhood in a modest household in Amalemba, <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Kakamega">Kakamega</a>,<br />
where she passed much of her time reading <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a><br />
stories and other detective fiction.<br />
She later developed a taste for international affairs.</div>
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In 2002, Amina married Khalid Ahmed, a fellow Somali to<br />
whom she credits a lot of her success.<br />
<span style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">The couple have two children and also care for four orphans.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Mohamed is multilingual, speaking <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Somali language">Somali</a>, <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>,<br />
with a working knowledge of <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="French language">French</a>.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span></h3>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
For her elementary studies, Mohamed attended the Township<br />
Primary School of Kakamega and later<br />
Butere Girls and Highlands academies.<br />
Her mother believed strongly in the importance of education,<br />
and would frequently drop by her classes<br />
to monitor her performance.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Upon graduation, Mohamed moved to the <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><br />
on a scholarship to study at<br />
the <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv">Kiev University</a> School of International<br />
Law and International Relations.<br />
She completed the institution's rigorous courses,<br />
earning an LLC degree in <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Comparative law">comparative law</a> and<br />
a Masters in <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="International law">international law</a>.<br />
She later pursued post-graduate studies<br />
at the <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Kenya School of Law">Kenya School of Law</a>.</div>
<h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span></h2>
<h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="General">General</span></h3>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
In a professional capacity, Mohamed began her career in 1985<br />
as a legal officer at the Kenyan<br />
Ministry of Local Government.<br />
Her duties there included assessing <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> projects<br />
and tabling municipal by-laws.<br />
Between 1986 and 1990, Mohamed served as a<br />
Legal Advisor in Kenya's Ministry of Foreign Affairs,<br />
where she drafted and negotiated various bilateral and<br />
international treaties.<br />
Among these were Bilateral Air Services Agreements with<br />
the <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Iran">Iran</a> and<br />
the <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, as well as the African Convention on<br />
the Rights of the Child.<br />
Although a number of job opportunities overseas were available,<br />
Mohamed chose to remain with her parents as<br />
her father was ailing.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
From 1990 to 1993, Mohamed acted as<br />
a Legal Advisor to Kenya's mission at the<br />
UN head office in <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<br />
There, she worked alongside officials from the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="International Labour Organisation">International Labour Organisation</a>,<br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="World Health Organisation">World Health Organisation</a> and<br />
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a>/<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="World Trade Organisation">World Trade Organisation</a>.<br />
She subsequently took a brief sabbatical to pursue higher studies in the UK,<br />
before returning to diplomatic service in Geneva. In 1997,<br />
Mohamed began serving as Legal Advisor to<br />
the Kenyan delegation at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a>.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Between 2000 and 2006, Mohamed worked as<br />
the Ambassador and Permanent Representative for<br />
the Kenya diplomatic mission in Geneva.<br />
She was also the Chairman, Coordinator and Spokesperson for<br />
the African Group in<br />
the WTO's Human Rights Commission. In 2002,<br />
Mohamed acted as President of<br />
the Conference on Disarmament and was appointed the first female Chairman of<br />
the <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a>.<br />
She chaired the Trade Policy Review Body the following year,<br />
and served as the Chairman of the Dispute Settlement Body in 2004.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
In 2005, Mohamed became the first woman to chair the WTO's General Council.<br />
She was also a Member of the Executive Boards and Committees of<br />
the WIPO, ILO, WHO, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="UNCTAD">UNCTAD</a>,<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a><br />
and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a> from 2001 to 2005.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Between 2006 and 2007, Mohamed acted as Director for both<br />
Europe and Commonwealth Countries as well as<br />
Diaspora matters. She also chaired the Department of<br />
Foreign Trade and Economic Affairs' Committee<br />
on Strengthening and Restructuring.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
During the 2010–2011 calendar year, Mohamed served as<br />
the President of the United Nations Conference on<br />
Transnational Crime in <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. Additionally,<br />
she was the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Justice,<br />
National Cohesion and Constitutional<br />
Affairs from 2008 to 2011.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
In 2011, Mohamed was named UNEP's Assistant Secretary-General and Deputy Executive Director.</div>
<h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Secretary_for_Foreign_Affairs">Secretary for Foreign Affairs</span></h3>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
On 23 April 2013, Mohamed was appointed Kenya's Secretary for Foreign Affairs, one<br />
of 18 Cabinet Secretary nominees to the new <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> administration.<br />
She was later sworn into office on 20 May 2013.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Honours">Honours</span></h2>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="State Commendations of Kenya">National Award of Chief of Burning Spear</a> (CBS)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Cavaliere dell'Ordine della Stella della solidarieta italiana</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Life Member, Red Cross Society</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Member of the Life and Peace Institute International Advisory Council</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Member of the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on the Arctic</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Member of the Strathmore Law School Advisory Board</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-43142930372058289002013-06-26T18:51:00.002-07:002013-07-12T19:51:41.835-07:00Administrative divisions of Somalia<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span dir="auto">Administrative divisions of Somalia</span></h1>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Somalia#mw-navigation" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Somalia#p-search" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"></a></div>
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<span class="fn org country-name"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></span></div>
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<tr><td><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Coat of arms of Somalia.svg" height="101" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="125" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;">This article is part of the series:<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Politics of Somalia">Politics and government ofSomalia</a></span></td></tr>
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Constitution</div>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></div>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Legislature">Legislative</a></div>
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Judiciary</div>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Elections in Somalia">Elections</a></div>
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<strong class="selflink">Administrative divisions</strong></div>
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Other</div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> is officially divided into eighteen (18) administrative regions (<i>gobollada</i>, singular<i>gobol</i>),<br />
which in turn are subdivided into ninety (90) districts (<i>degmooyin</i>, singular <i>degmo</i>).</div>
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On a <i>de facto</i> basis, northern Somalia is now divided up among<br />
the autonomous regions of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntland" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Puntland"><span style="color: black;">Puntland</span></a><span style="color: lime;"> </span>(which considers itself an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_state" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Autonomous state"><span style="color: black;">autonomous state</span></a>)<br />
and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliland" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Somaliland"><span style="color: black;">Somaliland</span></a> (a self-declared but <span style="color: black;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="List of states with limited recognition"><span style="color: black;">un-recognized sovereign state</span></a>)</span>.<br />
In central Somalia, <a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Galmudug">Galmudug</a> is another regional entity that emerged just south of Puntland.<br />
For these post-<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Somali Civil War">civil war</a> </span>divisions, see <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_regions_of_Somalia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="States and regions of Somalia">S</a><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">tates and regions of Somalia</a></i><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">.</a></div>
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<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Somalia_Numbered_Regions.png" style="background-image: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border: none !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border: none !important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;" target="_blank"><br />Regions and districts</a></div>
</div>
</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Awdal_Region" style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Awdal Region</a></span></h2>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Baki District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Borama District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Lughaya District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Saylac District</a></li>
</ul>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Bakool_Region"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Bakool Region</a></span></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Xuddur District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Rabdhuure District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Tiyeegloow District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Waajid District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Ceelbare District</a></li>
</ul>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Banaadir_Region"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Banaadir Region</a></span></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Abdiaziz District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Bondhere District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Daynile District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Dharkenley District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Hamar-Jajab District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Hamar-Weyne District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Hodan District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Howl-Wadag District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Huriwaa District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Kaaraan District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Shibis District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Shangaani District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Waabari District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Wadajir District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Wardhiigley District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Yaaqshiid District</a></li>
</ul>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Bari_Region"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Bari Region</a></span></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Bender Bayla District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Bosaso District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Caluula District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Iskushuban District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Qandala District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Qardho District</a></li>
</ul>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Bay_Region"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Bay Region</a></span></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Baidoa District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Buurhakaba District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Diinsoor District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Qasahdhere District</a></li>
</ul>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Galguduud_Region"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Galguduud Region</a></span></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Caabudwaq District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Cadaado District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Ceelbuur District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Ceeldheer District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Dhusamareb District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Galhareri District</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Gedo_Region">Gedo Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Baardheere District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Beled Hawo District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Ceelwaaq District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Doolow District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Garbahaarreey District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Luuq District</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Hiiraan_Region">Hiiraan Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Beledweyne District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Buuloburde District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Jalalaqsi District</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Middle_Juba_Region">Middle Juba Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Bu'aale District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Jilib District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Sakow District</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lower_Juba_Region">Lower Juba Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Afmadow District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Xagar District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Badhaadhe District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Jamaame District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Kismaayo District</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mudug_Region">Mudug Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Gaalkacyo District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Galdogob District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Harardheere District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Hobyo District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Jariiban District</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Nugaal_Region">Nugaal Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Burtinle District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Garoowe District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Eyl District</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sanaag_Region">Sanaag Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Ceel-Afweyn District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Ceerigaabo District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Laasqoray District</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Middle_Shabele_Region">Middle Shabele Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Aadan Yabaal District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Balcad District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Cadale District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Jowhar District</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lower_Shabele_Region">Lower Shabele Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Afgoi District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Baraawe District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Kurtunwarey District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Marka District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Qoriyoleey District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Sablaale District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Walaweyn District</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sool_Region">Sool Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Caynaba District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Laascaanood District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Taleex District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Xudun District</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Togdheer_Region">Togdheer Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Burao District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Buuhoodle District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Oodwayne District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Sheikh District</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank"><span class="mw-headline" id="Woqooyi_Galbeed_Region">Woqooyi Galbeed Region</span></a></h3>
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Hargeisa District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Gabiley District</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/" target="_blank">Berbera District</a></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;">
Writing and editing by Aisha Abdi Aisha Qurux</div>
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://biikole.blogspot.se/">http://biikole.blogspot.se/</a></div>
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-44582152835173871402013-06-21T07:57:00.000-07:002013-06-21T07:59:43.495-07:00Somalia's Next Phase Should Include Accountability for War Criminals <br />
Last week, the U.S. government recognized a government of Somalia
for the first time since 1991. In his remarks to Secretary of State
Clinton, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud spoke of Somalia emerging from
a period of chaos to one of peace. This new Somalia, he said, will make
a "valuable contribution to the region and the world at large." If
Somalia is to be a shining example, it should start by ending impunity
for war criminals and giving victims justice. <br />
Somalia's transition must reckon with its past. The Somali state's
collapse in 1991 did not emerge from a vacuum: it was precipitated by
years of brutal violence under the Mohamed Siad Barre dictatorship.
Under Barre's 21-year regime, government forces tortured, summarily
executed, raped, and even launched aerial bombing raids on civilian
populations. The armed groups that overthrew Barre in 1991, and the
remnants of that regime, continued the cycle of violence. <br />
To date, no individual has been held to account for these crimes--in
Somalia. However, accountability efforts have been made against former
Barre-regime officials living in the U.S. The Center for Justice and
Accountability has brought three cases in U.S. courts on behalf of
Somali victims. Last November, a U.S. federal court of appeals denied
immunity to <a href="http://cja.org/article.php?list=type&type=85#IN%20BRIEF" target="_hplink">Mohamed Ali Samantar</a>,
former Somali Prime Minister and Minister of Defense, for crimes
against humanity and torture. That same month, a district court in Ohio
ruled that <a href="http://cja.live2.radicaldesigns.org/article.php?list=type&type=422" target="_hplink">Colonel Abdi Aden Magan</a>, the former Chief of Somalia's National Security Service was liable for torture. Another torture suit is pending against <a href="http://www.cja.org/section.php?id=74" target="_hplink">Colonel Yusuf Abdi </a>Ali
(a.k.a "Tukeh"), a former Brigade Commander in the Somali National
Army.") Each of these cases was filed under U.S. universal jurisdiction
laws that permit civil suits for human rights violations.<br />
President Sheikh has made a commitment to restore faith in
governance and the rule of law. His first step should be to hold to
account former officials and warlords who brought Somalia over the
brink. His second is to end impunity for human rights abuses committed
in the wake of Somalia's collapse. To date, cases of <a href="http://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/04/13/harsh-war-harsh-peace" target="_hplink"><span style="background-color: magenta; color: purple;">gender based violence, child soldier recruitment</span></a>, and <a href="http://en.rsf.org/somalia-impunity-war-on-somalia-s-23-11-2012,43711.html" target="_hplink"><span style="color: lime;">attacks against journalist</span></a> have gone unpunished. <br />
Lessons can be learned from the cases in the U.S., but President
Sheikh can look closer to home as well. Local activists and government
officials in the northern region of Somaliland have begun to <a href="http://cja.org/article.php?list=type&type=483" target="_hplink">excavate mass graves</a>
and document evidence of war crimes. The Somali government should build
on these efforts and end the impunity of suspected war criminals like
General Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan or Maslah Mohamed Siad Barre. Both
have been accused of overseeing widespread and systematic abuses under
Siad Barre. And both currently split their time between Somalia and
Kenya. <br />
It will be difficult to restore confidence in government with such
perpetrators still at large. After victory in his case against
Samantar, Aziz Deria, whose father and brother were abducted by Somali
officials and never seen again, observed that holding former officials
"formally accountable for atrocities in Somalia's civil war is the best
way for Somalia to move forward. Clan retribution can be set aside when
people can be assured of justice through the legal system." <br />
The words of President Sheik speak of stability and hope. But to
achieve these goals, Somalia must begin transparent human rights
investigations and provide redress to victims.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-87894116834157482442013-06-21T07:49:00.001-07:002013-06-21T07:49:14.213-07:00Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan Hits Campaign Trail Amid Protests By Hani Mohamed Budul<br />
<br />KAYSERI, Turkey, June 21 (Reuters)
- Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan kicks off a weekend of rallies
in his conservative strongholds on Friday, displaying his grassroots
support after weeks of often violent anti-government protests. <br />Tens
of thousands are expected to gather in a square in Kayseri, an
industrial city in Turkey's pious Anatolian heartland, to hear the
blunt-talking 59-year-old urge voters to back his ruling AK Party
before municipal polls next March. <br />Similar rallies are planned for the weekend in the eastern city of Erzurum and Samsun on the Black Sea coast. <br />The
meetings follow three weeks of protests against Erdogan's perceived
authoritarianism, unrest which dented Turkey's image for stability and
riled a leader who sees himself as a champion of democratic reform. <br />He
has dismissed the protesters as "riff-raff" manipulated by "terrorists"
and has accused foreign forces, international media and market
speculators of seeking to stoke the unrest in what he has termed a
"game being played with Turkey". <br />"Let's spoil the big game, let's
write history" read a slogan on banners around the Kayseri square,
while portraits of Erdogan hung on surrounding buildings. <br />"My
master, it's been 10 years since you arrived. You have transformed
Turkey," read another, playing on Erdogan's own description of his
third term as that of a "master", borrowing from the celebrated Ottoman
architect Sinan and the last stage of his career after apprenticeship
and graduation. <br />Cities like Kayseri, one of the "Anatolian Tigers"
whose small industries have flourished under a decade of AK Party rule,
have been spared the sort of clashes concentrated in Istanbul, the
capital Ankara and the nearby city of Eskisehir. <br />Here, Erdogan has widespread support. <br />"We
have voted for him for the past three elections and I can't think of
anyone else to vote for at the next one as well," said Tuba Ikiz, a
27-year-old shopkeeper wearing a headscarf. <br />Erdogan, who won his
third consecutive election in 2011 with 50 percent support, has enacted
democratic reforms, including curbing powers of an army that toppled
four governments in four decades and pursuing an end to 30 years of
Kurdish rebellion. <br />But he brooks little dissent. Hundreds of
military officers have been jailed on charges of plotting a coup
against Erdogan; others, including academics, journalists and
politicians, face trial on similar accusations. <br />Among the large
section of Turkey's 76 million people who do not back him, Erdogan is
viewed as increasingly authoritarian and too quick to meddle in their
private lives. Recent restrictions on the sale of alcohol have fuelled
their suspicions that he has a creeping Islamist agenda. <br /> <br />RESENTMENT TURNS TO VIOLENCE <br />That
resentment spilled into open protest when police cracked down on a
group of environmentalists opposed to his plans to develop a central
Istanbul square in late May, spreading to other cities and turning
violent night after night. <br />The streets of Turkey's largest city
have been calmer in recent days, with hundreds of silent, standing
protesters in Taksim Square taking the place of clashes between police
firing tear gas and water cannon at stone-throwing demonstrators. <br />Sporadic
violence has continued, including in Ankara where around 1,000 people
took to the streets overnight, and in Mersin, on Turkey's southern
coast, where riot police also used water cannon and teargas to break up
demonstrations as Erdogan attended the opening ceremony of the
Mediterranean Games. <br />Four protesters and two police officers were wounded, according to Dogan news agency. <br />The
unrest has underlined divisions in Turkish society between religious
conservatives who form the bedrock of Erdogan's support, and more
liberal Turks who have swelled the numbers of peaceful demonstrators. <br />The
severity of the police crackdown, particularly in the initial days, has
drawn international condemnation, especially from key trade partner
Germany, casting a shadow over Turkey's long-stalled talks on joining
the European Union. <br />But some government ministers have struck a
more conciliatory tone this week as the protests have generally become
less tense, with Deputy Prime Minister Bulent Arinc saying the silent
protests "should be encouraged". (Additional reporting by Abdulahi Ahmed (Benmashege) in Istanbul; Writing by Asha Ahmed Editing by Hani Mohamed Budul and Abdi Nasir Mr<br />
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Lion)Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-62923521121188004692013-06-01T06:42:00.001-07:002013-07-03T21:46:53.150-07:002009 Hotel Shamo bombing<br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">The </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">2009 Hotel Shamo bombing</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> was a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attack" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Suicide attack">suicide bombing</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> at the Hotel Shamo in</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogadishu" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Somalia">Somalia</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">, on 3 December 2009. The bombing killed 25 people, including three</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_(government)" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Government" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Transitional Federal Government">Transitional Federal Government</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13.328125px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> and injured 60 more,</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13.328125px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> making it the deadliest attack in Somalia since the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Beledweyne_bombing" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="2009 Beledweyne bombing">Beledweyne bombing</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> on 18 June 2009 that claimed more than 30 lives</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13.328125px;">.</span><br />
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The attack took place inside the meeting hall of the Hotel Shamo in Mogadishu during a<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commencement_ceremony" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Commencement ceremony">commencement ceremony</a> for medical students of<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benadir_University" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Benadir University">Benadir University</a> and was carried out by a suicide bomber dressed as a woman, "complete with a veil and a female's shoes", according to Minister of Information Dahir Mohamud Gelle. According to witnesses, the bomber approached a speakers' panel, verbally greeted them with the phrase "peace", and detonated his <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosives_belt" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Explosives belt">explosives belt</a>. Former Minister of Health Osman Dufle, who was speaking when the blast happened, reported that he had noticed an individual wearing black clothing moving through the audience immediately before the explosion.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">The ceremony—the second since Benadir University was formed in 2002 and a rare event in war-torn Somalia—had attracted hundreds of people. In attendance were the graduates and their family members, University officials, and five ministers of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Government" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Transitional Federal Government">Transitional Federal Government</a> (TFG).</span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 10.828125px;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">Security inside the meeting hall was light and all of the ministers' bodyguards were outside the hall.</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Casualties">Casualties</span> </h3>
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<br />
The three journalists killed in the bombing were: Mohamed Amiin Abdullah of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabelle_Media_Network" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shabelle Media Network">Shabelle Media Network</a>, a Somali <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_network" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Television network">television</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_network" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Radio network">radio network</a>;<span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 10.828125px;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freelance" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Freelance">freelance</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> photographer Yasir Mairo, who died of injuries in hospital; and a </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameraman" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cameraman">cameraman</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> alternately identified as freelancer Hassan Ahmed Hagi and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Arabiya" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> cameraman Hassan Zubeyr</span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 10.828125px;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> or Hasan al-Zubair. Their deaths raised to nine the number of journalists killed in Somalia during 2009, including four for Radio Shabelle. The explosion also injured six other journalists, including two—Omar Faruk, a photographer for </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><span style="font-size: x-small;">, and </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_TV" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Universal TV">Universal TV</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> reporter Abdulkadir Omar Abdulle—who were taken to Medina Hospital in critical condition.</span>The bombing killed 24 people and injured 60 others.Most of those killed were students, but also among the dead were two doctors, three journalists, and three government ministers—Minister of Education<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Abdulahi_Waayeel" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ahmed Abdulahi Waayeel">Ahmed Abdulahi Waayeel</a>, Minister of Health <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qamar_Aden_Ali" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Qamar Aden Ali">Qamar Aden Ali</a>, and Minister of Higher Education <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hassan_Addow" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ibrahim Hassan Addow">Ibrahim Hassan Addow</a> were killed. Minister of Sports<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleban_Olad_Roble" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Saleban Olad Roble">Saleban Olad Roble</a> was critically injured, and was hospitalised. He was later reported to have been flown to Saudi Arabia for treatment, where he died on 13 February 2010.</div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif-m-TnyrKYPlQepYi1WCNuTC3Z4J6rdv4VcUQLuS8cDVfgOLW_geTimRL3NAaXsfW4T3uzupWKH3U1ojhWPRqu83GYtfs692z2Ai74qjNGyYN80JnWGTy7BGXPQ7VeSJ32FSTyZgJsdEA/s1600/SOMALIACONFLICT041209432.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif-m-TnyrKYPlQepYi1WCNuTC3Z4J6rdv4VcUQLuS8cDVfgOLW_geTimRL3NAaXsfW4T3uzupWKH3U1ojhWPRqu83GYtfs692z2Ai74qjNGyYN80JnWGTy7BGXPQ7VeSJ32FSTyZgJsdEA/s320/SOMALIACONFLICT041209432.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">biikole.blogspot.se </td></tr>
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The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_(education)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dean (education)">dean</a> of Benadir University's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_college" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Medical college">medical college</a> was among the wounded.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Aftermath">Aftermath</span> </h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed,_12th_AU_Summit,_090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="236" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg/220px-Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg/330px-Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg/440px-Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
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<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Somalia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="President of Somalia">President</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sharif Sheikh Ahmed">Sharif Sheikh Ahmed</a> accused the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> group <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(Somalia)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Al-Shabaab (Somalia)">al-Shabaab</a> of perpetrating the attack.</div>
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responsibility for orchestrating the bombing, but <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharif_Sheikh_Ahmed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sharif Sheikh Ahmed">Sharif Sheikh Ahmed</a>, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Somalia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="President of Somalia">President of Somalia</a>, blamed the Somali <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> group <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(Somalia)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Al-Shabaab (Somalia)">al-Shabaab</a>. Sheikh Ali Mohamud Rage, a spokesperson for al-Shabaab, denied being responsible for the attack and, in turn, blamed the government. The leader of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbul_Islam" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hizbul Islam">Hizbul Islam</a>, another Somali Islamist group, also denied responsibility.</div>
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In a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_conference" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="News conference">news conference</a> held in the Hotel Shamo after the attack, President Ahmed called for international assistance to Somalia. He also displayed, according to a local journalist, what he identified as the bomber's body and remains of an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_belt" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Explosive belt">explosive belt</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijab" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hijab">hijab</a>. The Danish newspaper <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlingske_Tidende" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Berlingske Tidende">Berlingske Tidende</a></i> reported the bomber was a 23-year-old citizen of<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">According to Idd Mohamed, a senior Somali <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomat" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a>, the attack was carried out to foster "terror" and "panic" and undermine the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Legitimacy (political)">legitimacy</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Government" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Transitional Federal Government">Transitional Federal Government</a>.</span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 10.828125px;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">Wafula Wamunyini, the acting head of the </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">African Union Mission to Somalia</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> (AMISOM), expressed a similar opinion, claiming that the attack had the purpose of "intimidat[ing] and blackmail[ing]" the Somali government.Stephanie McCrummen of </span></span><i style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">described the attack as "the worst blow in months" to the </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations">United Nations</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">-supported government of Somalia.</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions">Reactions</span> </h3>
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The attack drew condemnation from a number of organisations, including the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU), the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a>, and the National Union of Somali Journalists.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">AMISOM described the bombing as "inhumane and cowardly", and characterised it as a "heinous [crime] against humanity".</span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 10.828125px;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">AMISOM also promised to "spare no efforts" to identify and bring to justice the perpetrators of the attack,</span></span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 10.828125px;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> and stated that the attack would not deter the AU from continuing to carry out its mission in Somalia.</span></span></div>
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Baroness <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Catherine Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a>, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Representative_for_Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy">High Representative</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU), echoed AMISOM's sentiment, calling the bombing a "cowardly attack against civilians including students, doctors and journalists".</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">The UN Security Council president <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Kafando" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Michel Kafando">Michel Kafando</a> labelled the attack an act of terrorism</span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 10.828125px;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 19.1875px;">and a "criminal act",</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 13px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">called for a "thorough investigation", and conveyed "sympathies and condolences" to the victims of the attack, their families, the TFG, and the Somali people.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">A joint statement by the UN, the EU, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> and the United States affirmed that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_community" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="International community">international community</a> would continue its support of the Transitional Federal Government;</span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 10.828125px;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">however, a senior European diplomat indicated that any additional military support to the TFG was unlikely.</span></span></div>
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President Ahmed characterised the attack as a "national disaster".</div>
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The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">Committee to Protect Journalists</a> issued a statement expressing condolences to the families of the three journalists killed in the bombing and noted that the attack "cemented" Somalia's "position as the deadliest country in Africa for journalists".<br />
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published by.18/05/2010. Habiba Ali Mohamed Reported in Somalia Zon call. 0046722988113 <u><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.biikole.blogspot.se%20/" rel="nofollow">www.biikole.blogspot.se</a>.</span></u></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-21066724093800653592013-06-01T03:40:00.001-07:002013-06-02T02:56:27.598-07:00SOMALIA-SOUTH AFRICA: Foreign competitors not welcome<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjnPC0vMKMxKm72tRH_1eAW4FUJf4fQUU_-JzfpsNSa0Ff9BnjwOXLkje_c0RquFoOjzh_e4JpAyQjYz79OKtCtEH0DcOyI1Rw4Og9YOM_26Jh9WbKQx3yU9bBlTVSmysQ7NWBJriIOkvX/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjnPC0vMKMxKm72tRH_1eAW4FUJf4fQUU_-JzfpsNSa0Ff9BnjwOXLkje_c0RquFoOjzh_e4JpAyQjYz79OKtCtEH0DcOyI1Rw4Og9YOM_26Jh9WbKQx3yU9bBlTVSmysQ7NWBJriIOkvX/s320/download.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Asha Abdulahi Dahir in cape town </td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Cape Town, 17 October 2008 (biikole.blogspot.se) - About 200 Somali businessmen in South Africa's Western Cape Province are being threatened with violence if they continue doing business in the townships. They recently returned to the areas after fleeing a wave of xenophobic attacks in May 2008. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">A group of local township businessmen, acting under the banner of the Zanokhanyo Retailers Association (ZRA), sent the Somalis letters in September, warning them to close their shops or face "actions that will include physically fighting". </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Somali businessman Mahad Omar Abdi, 33, who owns a supermarket in Khayalitsha that was looted during the xenophobic attacks, told IRIN the threats were being taken seriously. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"The letters have caused fear and mistrust in the township's [Somali] business community and it shows the vulnerability of foreigners who want to come back to the communities they left last May. However, we believe this is more a criminal element looking to move in on our businesses, rather than the whole community disliking our presence here, so we are not prepared to just let them take everything from us," he said. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Thousands of Somalis fled their homes and businesses after xenophobic violence, which began in the Johannesburg township of Alexandra, </span><a href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78393" style="background-color: white; color: #0a62a1; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; text-decoration: none;">spread throughout the</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;"> country and claimed at least 65 lives, while displacing tens of thousands of people. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Some South Africans claim that </span><a href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78690" style="background-color: white; color: #0a62a1; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; text-decoration: none;">foreigners are responsible</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;"> for the high crime rate - although there is no empirical evidence for this - are taking jobs, and bribing government officials to be first in line for state housing. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Civil war </strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Somalis began arriving in South Africa in the mid 1990s after civil war broke out in their country in 1991, and have probably been singled out for attacks more than any other </span><a href="http://www.irinnews.org/HOVReport.aspx?ReportId=78622" style="background-color: white; color: #0a62a1; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; text-decoration: none;">African migrant community</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">According to representatives of Somali's Western Cape community, these attacks have increased in frequency and ferocity over the past five years, to the point where hundreds of their countrymen seeking refuge in South Africa have been murdered. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">In August Mahad Abukar Alasow, 26, a Somali who had returned to Khayalitsha after staying at the Soetwater </span><a href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=80675" style="background-color: white; color: #0a62a1; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; text-decoration: none;">safety site</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;"> established in the wake of the xenophobic attacks, was killed by a group of people said to be robbers. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">A local Western Cape newspaper, The Cape Times, said Alasow was shot three times and died at the scene, but nothing of value was taken from his shop, prompting speculation that he was targeted because of his nationality. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br />
<table align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: #aabbdc; border: 1px solid rgb(51, 102, 153); color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; margin: 2px 8px 8px; padding: 5px; width: 165px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#aabbdc" style="color: white; font-family: tahoma; size: 12px;"><img align="left" alt="''" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.irinnews.org/images/design/quotopen.jpg" /><b style="font-size: 16px;">There appears to be a dangerous pattern of targeted attacks against foreigners, especially but not exclusively involving Somalis</b><img align="absMiddle" alt="''" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.irinnews.org/images/design/quotclose.jpg" /></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">The May xenophobic attacks in Western Cape Province displaced about 20,000 foreign nationals and there are still about 1,400 living in camps around Cape Town, the provincial capital, because they are too afraid to </span><a href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79876" style="background-color: white; color: #0a62a1; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; text-decoration: none;">reintegrate into township communities</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Last month a Somali woman and her three young children were murdered in the Eastern Cape Province town of Queenstown, with the viciousness of the attack prompting the United Nations Human Rights Commission conduct an investigation. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">UN Human Rights High Commissioner Navi Pillay condemned the acts and acknowledged the increase of attacks on Somalis. "There appears to be a dangerous pattern of targeted attacks on foreigners, especially but not exclusively involving Somalis," she said. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">ZRA chairperson Sydwell Citwa last week told the Mail and Guardian, a local weekly newspaper, that businessmen in Khayalitsha wanted Somali shops to be closed in the short term. "While we're talking to them, we want them to stop operating. Our problem is simple: We are hungry. We are angry. And the Somalis are undercutting us. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"These people come into the country with nothing, and the next minute they have stocked shops and fridges. We've done our research and we know that the Muslim Judicial Council [MJC] is helping them because they're Muslim. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"We also want help from our government because we gave them power. We are the ones who fought for freedom and democracy, and now these Somalis are here eating our democracy," he said. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Fight for scarce resources</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Abdul Fattaag Carr of the Muslim Judicial Council of South Africa denied that the organisation was funding the Somalis in the Western Cape, but said the council was helping foreigners adversely affected by the xenophobic attacks. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"This is more about a fight for </span><a href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79320" style="background-color: white; color: #0a62a1; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; text-decoration: none;">scarce resources</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;"> than a case of outright racism against Somalis, but because their traditions and culture are very different to South Africans' they stand out more than other foreigners and are viewed with suspicion. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"Somalis are good business people and they are very united as a group. They approach suppliers as a group and buy in bulk so they can get the cheapest price possible. This is why they can offer their goods at a lower price to the average South African operating a shop in the townships," he told IRIN. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Cape Town city officials intervened after the media attention the ZRA and the Somali community received over the threats, and chaired a meeting between the groups that has defused the situation for now, Abdi said. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">But the Somali community was still vulnerable because of the differences between Somalis and other cultures, said Alas Jama, 43, a Somali from the Cape Town suburb of Bellville. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">Although his countrymen had integrated well when it came to establishing businesses in South Africa's townships, many preferred not to weave their lives into that of the local community. "Because we are Muslim, many Somalis prefer to marry amongst themselves because of the sensitivities associated with mixing cultures," he commented. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br />
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: #aabbdc; border: 1px solid rgb(51, 102, 153); color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; margin: 2px 8px 8px; padding: 5px; width: 165px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#aabbdc" style="color: white; font-family: tahoma; size: 12px;"><img align="left" alt="''" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.irinnews.org/images/design/quotopen.jpg" /><b style="font-size: 16px;">It was those who had integrated best who suffered the most from the violence, because they initially felt safe and did not leave in time</b><img align="absMiddle" alt="''" border="0" height="18" src="http://www.irinnews.org/images/design/quotclose.jpg" /></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"Somali people's culture is very different to those you find in Southern African communities and this leads to problems. Many Somalis don't feel comfortable taking on local cultural traits, which has the affect of alienating them to some degree," said Jama, who helped coordinate relief efforts during the xenophobic violence. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"Because other Africans from around the region have integrated better with the </span><a href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79217" style="background-color: white; color: #0a62a1; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px; text-decoration: none;">South African communities</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;"> in terms of living amongst and marrying locals, they were the first to be targeted by the mobs that took over," he said. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"Somalis created their own jobs, opened their own shops and stayed amongst themselves, and this really helped them to be spared during the killings here at that time," Jama said. </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.59375px;">"They lost property and had shops destroyed, but it was those who had integrated best who suffered the most from violence, because they initially felt safe and did not leave in time."</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-83184251819877305062013-05-30T13:08:00.001-07:002013-05-30T13:08:47.981-07:00Unuun.edu.seWax bixinta unuun <a href="http://shabakada%20hormarinta%20aqoonta%20dhalinyarada%20soomaaliyeed/">Warbixinta unuun</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260221668093754527noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5017512835194619207.post-46682556322663158072013-05-30T01:58:00.001-07:002013-05-30T09:43:10.383-07:00Somali Investment Summit announces Lead Sponsor – Iman Bank of Somalia <div class="socialize-in-content socialize-in-content-left" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
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